Data widgets

Details: Parent Category: The Definitive Guide to Yii 2.0; Category: Displaying Data

Yii provides a set of widgets that can be used to display data. While the DetailView widget can be used to display data for a single record, ListView and GridView can be used to display a list or table of data records providing features like pagination, sorting and filtering.

DetailView
ListView
GridView
Further reading

DetailView

The [[yii\widgets\DetailView|DetailView]] widget displays the details of a single data [[yii\widgets\DetailView::$model|model]].

It is best used for displaying a model in a regular format (e.g. each model attribute is displayed as a row in a table). The model can be either an instance or subclass of [[\yii\base\Model]] such as an active record or an associative array.

DetailView uses the [[yii\widgets\DetailView::$attributes|$attributes]] property to determine which model attributes should be displayed and how they should be formatted. See the formatter section for available formatting options.

A typical usage of DetailView is as follows:

echo DetailView::widget([
    'model' => $model,
    'attributes' => [
        'title',                                           // title attribute (in plain text)
        'description:html',                                // description attribute formatted as HTML
        [                                                  // the owner name of the model
            'label' => 'Owner',
            'value' => $model->owner->name,            
            'contentOptions' => ['class' => 'bg-red'],     // HTML attributes to customize value tag
            'captionOptions' => ['tooltip' => 'Tooltip'],  // HTML attributes to customize label tag
        ],
        'created_at:datetime',                             // creation date formatted as datetime
    ],
]);

Remember that unlike [[yii\widgets\GridView|GridView]] which processes a set of models, [[yii\widgets\DetailView|DetailView]] processes just one. So most of the time there is no need for using closure since $model is the only one model for display and available in view as a variable.

However some cases can make using of closure useful. For example when visible is specified and you want to prevent value calculations in case it evaluates to false:

echo DetailView::widget([
    'model' => $model,
    'attributes' => [
        [
            'attribute' => 'owner',
            'value' => function ($model) {
                return $model->owner->name;
            },
            'visible' => \Yii::$app->user->can('posts.owner.view'),
        ],
    ],
]);

ListView

The [[yii\widgets\ListView|ListView]] widget is used to display data from a data provider. Each data model is rendered using the specified [[yii\widgets\ListView::$itemView|view file]]. Since it provides features such as pagination, sorting and filtering out of the box, it is handy both to display information to end user and to create data managing UI.

A typical usage is as follows:

use yii\widgets\ListView;
use yii\data\ActiveDataProvider;

$dataProvider = new ActiveDataProvider([
    'query' => Post::find(),
    'pagination' => [
        'pageSize' => 20,
    ],
]);
echo ListView::widget([
    'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
    'itemView' => '_post',
]);

The _post view file could contain the following:

<?php
use yii\helpers\Html;
use yii\helpers\HtmlPurifier;
?>
<div class="post">
    <h2><?= Html::encode($model->title) ?></h2>

    <?= HtmlPurifier::process($model->text) ?>    
</div>

In the view file above, the current data model is available as $model. Additionally the following variables are available:

$key: mixed, the key value associated with the data item.
$index: integer, the zero-based index of the data item in the items array returned by the data provider.
$widget: ListView, this widget instance.

If you need to pass additional data to each view, you can use the [[yii\widgets\ListView::$viewParams|$viewParams]] property to pass key value pairs like the following:

echo ListView::widget([
    'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
    'itemView' => '_post',
    'viewParams' => [
        'fullView' => true,
        'context' => 'main-page',
        // ...
    ],
]);

These are then also available as variables in the view.

GridView

Data grid or [[yii\grid\GridView|GridView]] is one of the most powerful Yii widgets. It is extremely useful if you need to quickly build the admin section of the system. It takes data from a data provider and renders each row using a set of [[yii\grid\GridView::columns|columns]] presenting data in the form of a table.

Each row of the table represents the data of a single data item, and a column usually represents an attribute of the item (some columns may correspond to complex expressions of attributes or static text).

The minimal code needed to use GridView is as follows:

use yii\grid\GridView;
use yii\data\ActiveDataProvider;

$dataProvider = new ActiveDataProvider([
    'query' => Post::find(),
    'pagination' => [
        'pageSize' => 20,
    ],
]);
echo GridView::widget([
    'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
]);

The above code first creates a data provider and then uses GridView to display every attribute in every row taken from the data provider. The displayed table is equipped with sorting and pagination functionality out of the box.

Grid columns

The columns of the grid table are configured in terms of [[yii\grid\Column]] classes, which are configured in the [[yii\grid\GridView::columns|columns]] property of GridView configuration. Depending on column type and settings these are able to present data differently. The default class is [[yii\grid\DataColumn]], which represents a model attribute and can be sorted and filtered by.

echo GridView::widget([
    'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
    'columns' => [
        ['class' => 'yii\grid\SerialColumn'],
        // Simple columns defined by the data contained in $dataProvider.
        // Data from the model's column will be used.
        'id',
        'username',
        // More complex one.
        [
            'class' => 'yii\grid\DataColumn', // can be omitted, as it is the default
            'value' => function ($data) {
                return $data->name; // $data['name'] for array data, e.g. using SqlDataProvider.
            },
        ],
    ],
]);

Note that if the [[yii\grid\GridView::columns|columns]] part of the configuration isn't specified, Yii tries to show all possible columns of the data provider's model.

Column classes

Grid columns could be customized by using different column classes:

echo GridView::widget([
    'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
    'columns' => [
        [
            'class' => 'yii\grid\SerialColumn', // <-- here
            // you may configure additional properties here
        ],

In addition to column classes provided by Yii that we'll review below, you can create your own column classes.

Each column class extends from [[yii\grid\Column]] so that there are some common options you can set while configuring grid columns.

[[yii\grid\Column::header|header]] allows to set content for header row.
[[yii\grid\Column::footer|footer]] allows to set content for footer row.
[[yii\grid\Column::visible|visible]] defines if the column should be visible.
[[yii\grid\Column::content|content]] allows you to pass a valid PHP callback that will return data for a row. The format is the following:
```
function ($model, $key, $index, $column) {
    return 'a string';
}
```

You may specify various container HTML options by passing arrays to:

[[yii\grid\Column::headerOptions|headerOptions]]
[[yii\grid\Column::footerOptions|footerOptions]]
[[yii\grid\Column::filterOptions|filterOptions]]
[[yii\grid\Column::contentOptions|contentOptions]]

Data column

[[yii\grid\DataColumn|Data column]] is used for displaying and sorting data. It is the default column type so the specifying class could be omitted when using it.

The main setting of the data column is its [[yii\grid\DataColumn::format|format]] property. Its values correspond to methods in the formatter application component that is [[\yii\i18n\Formatter|Formatter]] by default:

echo GridView::widget([
    'columns' => [
        [
            'attribute' => 'name',
            'format' => 'text'
        ],
        [
            'attribute' => 'birthday',
            'format' => ['date', 'php:Y-m-d']
        ],
        'created_at:datetime', // shortcut format
        [
            'label' => 'Education',
            'attribute' => 'education',
            'filter' => ['0' => 'Elementary', '1' => 'Secondary', '2' => 'Higher'],
            'filterInputOptions' => ['prompt' => 'All educations', 'class' => 'form-control', 'id' => null]
        ],
    ],
]);

In the above, text corresponds to [[\yii\i18n\Formatter::asText()]]. The value of the column is passed as the first argument. In the second column definition, date corresponds to [[\yii\i18n\Formatter::asDate()]]. The value of the column is, again, passed as the first argument while 'php:Y-m-d' is used as the second argument value.

For a list of available formatters see the section about Data Formatting.

For configuring data columns there is also a shortcut format which is described in the API documentation for [[yii\grid\GridView::columns|columns]].

Use [[yii\grid\DataColumn::filter|filter]] and [[yii\grid\DataColumn::filterInputOptions|filterInputOptions]] to control HTML for the filter input.

By default, column headers are rendered by [[yii\data\Sort::link]]. It could be adjusted using [[yii\grid\Column::header]]. To change header text you should set [[yii\grid\DataColumn::$label]] like in the example above. By default the label will be populated from data model. For more details see [[yii\grid\DataColumn::getHeaderCellLabel]].

Action column

[[yii\grid\ActionColumn|Action column]] displays action buttons such as update or delete for each row.

echo GridView::widget([
    'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
    'columns' => [
        [
            'class' => 'yii\grid\ActionColumn',
            // you may configure additional properties here
        ],

Available properties you can configure are:

[[yii\grid\ActionColumn::controller|controller]] is the ID of the controller that should handle the actions. If not set, it will use the currently active controller.
[[yii\grid\ActionColumn::template|template]] defines the template used for composing each cell in the action column. Tokens enclosed within curly brackets are treated as controller action IDs (also called button names in the context of action column). They will be replaced by the corresponding button rendering callbacks specified in [[yii\grid\ActionColumn::$buttons|buttons]]. For example, the token {view} will be replaced by the result of the callback buttons['view']. If a callback cannot be found, the token will be replaced with an empty string. The default tokens are {view} {update} {delete}.
[[yii\grid\ActionColumn::buttons|buttons]] is an array of button rendering callbacks. The array keys are the button names (without curly brackets), and the values are the corresponding button rendering callbacks. The callbacks should use the following signature:
```
function ($url, $model, $key) {
    // return the button HTML code
}
```
In the code above, $url is the URL that the column creates for the button, $model is the model object being rendered for the current row, and $key is the key of the model in the data provider array.
[[yii\grid\ActionColumn::urlCreator|urlCreator]] is a callback that creates a button URL using the specified model information. The signature of the callback should be the same as that of [[yii\grid\ActionColumn::createUrl()]]. If this property is not set, button URLs will be created using [[yii\grid\ActionColumn::createUrl()]].
[[yii\grid\ActionColumn::visibleButtons|visibleButtons]] is an array of visibility conditions for each button. The array keys are the button names (without curly brackets), and the values are the boolean true/false or the anonymous function. When the button name is not specified in this array it will be shown by default. The callbacks must use the following signature:
```
function ($model, $key, $index) {
    return $model->status === 'editable';
}
```
Or you can pass a boolean value:
```
[
    'update' => \Yii::$app->user->can('update')
]
```

Checkbox column

[[yii\grid\CheckboxColumn|Checkbox column]] displays a column of checkboxes.

To add a CheckboxColumn to the GridView, add it to the [[yii\grid\GridView::$columns|columns]] configuration as follows:

echo GridView::widget([
    'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
    'columns' => [
        // ...
        [
            'class' => 'yii\grid\CheckboxColumn',
            // you may configure additional properties here
        ],
    ],

Users may click on the checkboxes to select rows of the grid. The selected rows may be obtained by calling the following JavaScript code:

var keys = $('#grid').yiiGridView('getSelectedRows');
// keys is an array consisting of the keys associated with the selected rows

Serial column

[[yii\grid\SerialColumn|Serial column]] renders row numbers starting with 1 and going forward.

Usage is as simple as the following:

echo GridView::widget([
    'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
    'columns' => [
        ['class' => 'yii\grid\SerialColumn'], // <-- here
        // ...

Sorting data

Note: This section is under development.

https://github.com/yiisoft/yii2/issues/1576

Filtering data

For filtering data, the GridView needs a model that represents the search criteria which is usually taken from the filter fields in the GridView table. A common practice when using active records is to create a search Model class that provides needed functionality (it can be generated for you by Gii). This class defines the validation rules to show filter controls on the GridView table and to provide a search() method that will return the data provider with an adjusted query that processes the search criteria.

To add the search capability for the Post model, we can create a PostSearch model like the following example:

<?php

namespace app\models;

use Yii;
use yii\base\Model;
use yii\data\ActiveDataProvider;

class PostSearch extends Post
{
    public function rules()
    { 
        // only fields in rules() are searchable
        return [
            [['id'], 'integer'],
            [['title', 'creation_date'], 'safe'],
        ];
    }

    public function scenarios()
    {
        // bypass scenarios() implementation in the parent class
        return Model::scenarios();
    }

    public function search($params)
    {
        $query = Post::find();

        $dataProvider = new ActiveDataProvider([
            'query' => $query,
        ]);

        // load the search form data and validate
        if (!($this->load($params) && $this->validate())) {
            return $dataProvider;
        }

        // adjust the query by adding the filters
        $query->andFilterWhere(['id' => $this->id]);
        $query->andFilterWhere(['like', 'title', $this->title])
              ->andFilterWhere(['like', 'creation_date', $this->creation_date]);

        return $dataProvider;
    }
}

Tip: See Query Builder and especially Filter Conditions to learn how to build filtering query.

You can use this function in the controller to get the dataProvider for the GridView:

$searchModel = new PostSearch();
$dataProvider = $searchModel->search(Yii::$app->request->get());

return $this->render('myview', [
    'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
    'searchModel' => $searchModel,
]);

And in the view you then assign the $dataProvider and $searchModel to the GridView:

echo GridView::widget([
    'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
    'filterModel' => $searchModel,
    'columns' => [
        // ...
    ],
]);

Separate filter form

Most of the time using GridView header filters is enough, but in case you need a separate filter form, you can easily add it as well. You can create partial view _search.php with the following contents:

<?php

use yii\helpers\Html;
use yii\widgets\ActiveForm;

/* @var $this yii\web\View */
/* @var $model app\models\PostSearch */
/* @var $form yii\widgets\ActiveForm */
?>

<div class="post-search">
    <?php $form = ActiveForm::begin([
        'action' => ['index'],
        'method' => 'get',
    ]); ?>

    <?= $form->field($model, 'title') ?>

    <?= $form->field($model, 'creation_date') ?>

    <div class="form-group">
        <?= Html::submitButton('Search', ['class' => 'btn btn-primary']) ?>
        <?= Html::submitButton('Reset', ['class' => 'btn btn-default']) ?>
    </div>

    <?php ActiveForm::end(); ?>
</div>

and include it in index.php view like so:

<?= $this->render('_search', ['model' => $searchModel]) ?>

Note: if you use Gii to generate CRUD code, the separate filter form (_search.php) is generated by default, but is commented in index.php view. Uncomment it and it's ready to use!

Separate filter form is useful when you need to filter by fields, that are not displayed in GridView or for special filtering conditions, like date range. For filtering by date range we can add non DB attributes createdFrom and createdTo to the search model:

class PostSearch extends Post
{
    /**
     * @var string
     */
    public $createdFrom;

    /**
     * @var string
     */
    public $createdTo;
}

Extend query conditions in the search() method like so:

$query->andFilterWhere(['>=', 'creation_date', $this->createdFrom])
      ->andFilterWhere(['<=', 'creation_date', $this->createdTo]);

And add the representative fields to the filter form:

<?= $form->field($model, 'creationFrom') ?>

<?= $form->field($model, 'creationTo') ?>

Working with model relations

When displaying active records in a GridView you might encounter the case where you display values of related columns such as the post author's name instead of just his id. You do this by defining the attribute name in [[yii\grid\GridView::$columns]] as author.name when the Post model has a relation named author and the author model has an attribute name. The GridView will then display the name of the author but sorting and filtering are not enabled by default. You have to adjust the PostSearch model that has been introduced in the last section to add this functionality.

To enable sorting on a related column you have to join the related table and add the sorting rule to the Sort component of the data provider:

$query = Post::find();
$dataProvider = new ActiveDataProvider([
    'query' => $query,
]);

// join with relation `author` that is a relation to the table `users`
// and set the table alias to be `author`
$query->joinWith(['author' => function($query) { $query->from(['author' => 'users']); }]);
// since version 2.0.7, the above line can be simplified to $query->joinWith('author AS author');
// enable sorting for the related column
$dataProvider->sort->attributes['author.name'] = [
    'asc' => ['author.name' => SORT_ASC],
    'desc' => ['author.name' => SORT_DESC],
];

// ...

Filtering also needs the joinWith call as above. You also need to define the searchable column in attributes and rules like this:

public function attributes()
{
    // add related fields to searchable attributes
    return array_merge(parent::attributes(), ['author.name']);
}

public function rules()
{
    return [
        [['id'], 'integer'],
        [['title', 'creation_date', 'author.name'], 'safe'],
    ];
}

In search() you then just add another filter condition with:

$query->andFilterWhere(['LIKE', 'author.name', $this->getAttribute('author.name')]);

Info: In the above we use the same string for the relation name and the table alias; however, when your alias and relation name differ, you have to pay attention to where you use the alias and where you use the relation name. A simple rule for this is to use the alias in every place that is used to build the database query and the relation name in all other definitions such as attributes() and rules() etc.

For example, if you use the alias au for the author relation table, the joinWith statement looks like the following:
$query->joinWith(['author au']);
It is also possible to just call $query->joinWith(['author']); when the alias is defined in the relation definition.

The alias has to be used in the filter condition but the attribute name stays the same:
$query->andFilterWhere(['LIKE', 'au.name', $this->getAttribute('author.name')]);
The same is true for the sorting definition:
$dataProvider->sort->attributes['author.name'] = [
     'asc' => ['au.name' => SORT_ASC],
     'desc' => ['au.name' => SORT_DESC],
];
Also, when specifying the [[yii\data\Sort::defaultOrder|defaultOrder]] for sorting, you need to use the relation name instead of the alias:
$dataProvider->sort->defaultOrder = ['author.name' => SORT_ASC];

Info: For more information on joinWith and the queries performed in the background, check the active record docs on joining with relations.

Using SQL views for filtering, sorting and displaying data

There is also another approach that can be faster and more useful - SQL views. For example, if we need to show the gridview with users and their profiles, we can do so in this way:

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW vw_user_info AS
    SELECT user.*, user_profile.lastname, user_profile.firstname
    FROM user, user_profile
    WHERE user.id = user_profile.user_id

Then you need to create the ActiveRecord that will be representing this view:

namespace app\models\views\grid;

use yii\db\ActiveRecord;

class UserView extends ActiveRecord
{

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public static function tableName()
    {
        return 'vw_user_info';
    }

    public static function primaryKey()
    {
        return ['id'];
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function rules()
    {
        return [
            // define here your rules
        ];
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function attributeLabels()
    {
        return [
            // define here your attribute labels
        ];
    }


}

After that you can use this UserView active record with search models, without additional specification of sorting and filtering attributes. All attributes will be working out of the box. Note that this approach has several pros and cons:

you don't need to specify different sorting and filtering conditions. Everything works out of the box;
it can be much faster because of the data size, count of sql queries performed (for each relation you will not need any additional query);
since this is just a simple mapping UI on the sql view it lacks some domain logic that is in your entities, so if you have some methods like isActive, isDeleted or others that will influence the UI, you will need to duplicate them in this class too.

Multiple GridViews on one page

You can use more than one GridView on a single page but some additional configuration is needed so that they do not interfere with each other. When using multiple instances of GridView you have to configure different parameter names for the generated sort and pagination links so that each GridView has its own individual sorting and pagination. You do so by setting the [[yii\data\Sort::sortParam|sortParam]] and [[yii\data\Pagination::pageParam|pageParam]] of the dataProvider's [[yii\data\BaseDataProvider::$sort|sort]] and [[yii\data\BaseDataProvider::$pagination|pagination]] instances.

Assume we want to list the Post and User models for which we have already prepared two data providers in $userProvider and $postProvider:

use yii\grid\GridView;

$userProvider->pagination->pageParam = 'user-page';
$userProvider->sort->sortParam = 'user-sort';

$postProvider->pagination->pageParam = 'post-page';
$postProvider->sort->sortParam = 'post-sort';

echo '<h1>Users</h1>';
echo GridView::widget([
    'dataProvider' => $userProvider,
]);

echo '<h1>Posts</h1>';
echo GridView::widget([
    'dataProvider' => $postProvider,
]);

Using GridView with Pjax

The [[yii\widgets\Pjax|Pjax]] widget allows you to update a certain section of a page instead of reloading the entire page. You can use it to update only the [[yii\grid\GridView|GridView]] content when using filters.

use yii\widgets\Pjax;
use yii\grid\GridView;

Pjax::begin([
    // PJax options
]);
    Gridview::widget([
        // GridView options
    ]);
Pjax::end();

Pjax also works for the links inside the [[yii\widgets\Pjax|Pjax]] widget and for the links specified by [[yii\widgets\Pjax::$linkSelector|Pjax::$linkSelector]]. But this might be a problem for the links of an [[yii\grid\ActionColumn|ActionColumn]]. To prevent this, add the HTML attribute data-pjax="0" to the links when you edit the [[yii\grid\ActionColumn::$buttons|ActionColumn::$buttons]] property.

GridView/ListView with Pjax in Gii

Since 2.0.5, the CRUD generator of Gii has an option called $enablePjax that can be used via either web interface or command line.

yii gii/crud --controllerClass="backend\\controllers\PostController" \
  --modelClass="common\\models\\Post" \
  --enablePjax=1

Which generates a [[yii\widgets\Pjax|Pjax]] widget wrapping the [[yii\grid\GridView|GridView]] or [[yii\widgets\ListView|ListView]] widgets.

Data widgets

Data widgets

DetailView

ListView

GridView

Grid columns

Column classes

Data column

Action column

Checkbox column

Serial column

Sorting data

Filtering data

Separate filter form

Working with model relations

Using SQL views for filtering, sorting and displaying data

Multiple GridViews on one page

Using GridView with Pjax

GridView/ListView with Pjax in Gii

Further reading

MoonВase — A Hot Start on the Internet

MoonВase — A Hot Start on the Internet